{"id":81711,"date":"2021-02-10T09:41:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T10:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resourcework2.devstudio.work\/?p=81711"},"modified":"2024-11-11T17:13:35","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T17:13:35","slug":"hydrogen-fine-print","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourcework2.devstudio.work\/?p=81711","title":{"rendered":"Hydrogen: the future and the fine print"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Climate and activist groups are hopeful for hydrogen as a source of clean energy in the wake of Ottawa unveiling its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcan.gc.ca\/climate-change\/the-hydrogen-strategy\/23080\">hydrogen strategy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The federal government has been hailed for its foresight.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcan.gc.ca\/changements-climatiques\/hydrogen-opportunities-key-findings\/23104\">According to the government<\/a>, &#8220;Implementing the Hydrogen Strategy can spark early economic recovery, lead to a $50 billion domestic hydrogen sector, and generate more than 350,000 high paying jobs from coast to coast.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But there&#8217;s a lot of fine print between the lines, and the question of how the hydrogen industry will get to that point remains unanswered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The strategy announced in December concedes that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrcan.gc.ca\/our-natural-resources\/energy-sources-distribution\/remaining-challenges\/23107\">there are challenges<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;While Canada has abundant feedstocks, established companies, and the know-how to build a hydrogen economy, there are a number of challenges still to overcome. Through the research and consultations that led to a hydrogen strategy for Canada, the following potential roadblocks were identified.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It lists:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Large, up-front cost differentials on both the production and end-use sides, and risk-aversion to new technologies;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lack of sustained investment in innovation, hindering the advancement of technology needed to support the production and use of hydrogen;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The absence of clear, long-term policy (that) can cause uncertainty for investors and slow adoption;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gaps in existing codes and standards (e.g. hydrogen-blending limits in natural gas pipelines);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limited domestic supply and access to low-carbon intensity hydrogen in many parts of Canada today;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Low awareness about the opportunities and safety aspects of hydrogen within the general public, as well as within industry and government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, a white paper from Calgary-based&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/transitionaccelerator.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Net-zero-energy-systems_role-for-hydrogen_200909-Final-print-1.pdf\">Transition Accelerator<\/a>&nbsp;sees the production of hydrogen in Canada potentially rising 800% by 2050, with &#8220;a wholesale market potential for hydrogen of up to $100B a year, and potentially more.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But if Canada is ever to make substantial progress in producing, using, and exporting hydrogen, there are some fundamental challenges to address \u2014 starting with how is all that Canadian hydrogen to be produced?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Transition Accelerator&#8217;s white paper predicts that hydrogen could supply 27% of Canada\u2019s primary energy demand in 2050.&nbsp;In some circles, the most desirable hydrogen is &#8220;green&#8221; hydrogen, produced from water by no-emission or low-emission electricity.&nbsp;That sounds great, but a closer look reveals producing that amount of green hydrogen takes a lot of energy. So much, in fact, that we\u2019d require 66,000 large wind turbines, or 30 nuclear plants the size of Bruce Power in Ontario, or 195 hydro dams the size of BC\u2019s Site C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s a lot of electricity, and electric energy infrastructure isn&#8217;t always easy to build. Sure, there&#8217;s demand to move to electric vehicles, for example. If all vehicles in BC went electric by 2055, we&#8217;d need the Site C project in addition to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/achemistinlangley.net\/2016\/12\/16\/electrifying-bcs-transportation-system-debunking-the-myths-part-i-that-bc-hydro-load-estimate\/\">three or four<\/a>&nbsp;dams like it, or the equivalent in wind, solar, and geothermal power. But Site C alone has faced stiff opposition, and its successful completion and operation is not a foregone conclusion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The more likely (and cheaper) &#8220;blue&#8221; hydrogen is produced from natural gas, with carbon-dioxide emissions from production either captured and buried underground or reused. Less&nbsp;desirable is &#8220;grey&#8221; hydrogen, produced from natural gas or coal but with emissions simply released into the atmosphere. Canada produces an estimated 3 million tonnes of grey hydrogen annually, making it one of the world\u2019s top 10 hydrogen producers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plans are moving ahead for a&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hydrogenfuelnews.com\/green-hydrogen-plants\/8542745\/\" target=\"_blank\">major hydrogen project&nbsp;<\/a>for&nbsp;Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec, to use electricity to produce green hydrogen from water. It\u2019s expected to go online in 2023, and the hydrogen will&nbsp;be used at a biofuel plant, serving the transportation industry.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The International Energy Agency&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/the-future-of-hydrogen\">(IEA) says<\/a>: &#8220;The time is right to tap into hydrogen\u2019s potential to play a key role in a clean, secure and affordable energy future.&#8221; And, as of now, some 30 countries have announced hydrogen strategies that would involve billions of dollars of investment over the next decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the IEA adds more fine print, with a list of challenges including&nbsp;the cost of producing hydrogen with low-carbon energy, the slow development of hydrogen infrastructure that is holding back widespread adoption, the current dependence on coal and fossil fuels for production, and regulatory environments that drive away investment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It will be many years before hydrogen is available in the huge commercial quantities needed for the 42 countries that now import LNG.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the meantime, Shell plans to spend&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/shell-strategy\/update-1-oil-giant-shell-accelerates-2050-carbon-reduction-targets-idUSL1N2KH0FI\">$4 billion<\/a>&nbsp;on its world LNG business.&nbsp;Taiwan signed up for&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/focustaiwan.tw\/business\/202101100008\">25 years of LNG shipments<\/a>&nbsp;from the US, and&nbsp;India\u2014a potential customer for BC LNG\u2014is expected to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/financialpost.com\/pmn\/business-pmn\/india-to-be-largest-source-of-energy-demand-growth-to-2040-iea-2\">quadruple LNG imports<\/a>&nbsp;by 2040.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More LNG projects are coming ahead of an expected world shortage of LNG supply by 2025. For example, Qatar, the world\u2019s biggest LNG exporter, plans to spend $29 billion to get even bigger, including building&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thepeninsulaqatar.com\/article\/08\/02\/2021\/Qatar-Petroleum-signs-deal-to-develop-world%E2%80%99s-largest-LNG-project\">the world\u2019s largest LNG plant<\/a>. Here in BC, LNG Canada will&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/lng-supply\/new-lng-projects-will-start-going-ahead-but-green-credentials-to-be-closely-watched-execs-idUSL1N2K118I\">come online by 2025<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are customers willing to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/en\/research-insights\/articles\/source-and-scale-are-biggest-challenges-as-hydrogen-interest-grows\">pay more<\/a>&nbsp;for hydrogen as the world pursues cleaner energy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problems continue, as pipeline compressors designed to move natural gas&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldoil.com\/news\/2021\/1\/29\/pipeline-owners-look-to-hydrogen-as-natural-gas-comes-under-attack\">don\u2019t work well<\/a>&nbsp;with hydrogen and would likely need to be replaced. Some types of steel pipe become brittle and crack when exposed to hydrogen over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In BC, a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/government\/ministries-organizations\/zen-bcbn-hydrogen-study-final-v6.pdf\">2019 study<\/a>&nbsp;sponsored by the BC government, FortisBC, and the BC Bioenergy Network, found that BC could develop a $15-billion hydrogen industry for domestic and export markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But first, the challenges need to be resolved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The federal Minister of Natural Resources, Seamus O\u2019Regan, sums it up well: &#8220;Hydrogen&#8230; seems to be the energy source that is going to be the next big thing, someday. You know, it\u2019s just around the corner, but the corners keep coming.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>More reading:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alberta\u2019s 2020\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/open.alberta.ca\/publications\/getting-alberta-back-to-work-natural-gas-vision-and-strategy\"><em>Natural Gas Vision and Strategy<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydroquebec.com\/data\/documents-donnees\/pdf\/strategic-plan.pdf?v=2020-02-24\"><em>Strategic Plan 2020-2024<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ontario\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/prod-environmental-registry.s3.amazonaws.com\/2020-11\/Ontario%20Low-Carbon%20Hydrogen%20Strategy%20-%20discussion%20paper%20%28November%202020%29.pdf\"><em>Ontario Low-Carbon Hydrogen Strategy \u2013 Discussion Paper<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osler.com\/en\/resources\/regulations\/2020\/federal-government-announces-canada-s-hydrogen-strategy#:~:text=On%20December%2016%2C%202020%2C%20Canada's\">Analysis of Canada\u2019s hydrogen strategy<\/a>\u00a0by Osler Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resource Works:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resourcework2.devstudio.work\/hydrogen-on-the-way\">Hydrogen is on the way<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resource Works:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resourcework2.devstudio.work\/hydrogen-grey-blue\">Hydrogen: grey, blue, and BC green<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uvic.ca\/research\/centres\/globalstudies\/assets\/docs\/publications\/tseng.pdf\">Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities and Challenge<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydrogen makes a splash with the promise of jobs, green energy, and an emerging industry. But what stands in the way?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":84239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,2],"tags":[34],"class_list":["post-81711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nuclear","category-oil-gas","tag-hydrogen"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hydrogen: the future and the fine print -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/resourcework2.devstudio.work\/hydrogen-fine-print\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hydrogen: the future and the fine print -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hydrogen makes a splash with the promise of jobs, green energy, and an emerging industry. 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